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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2020-48-2-252-268</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-2299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Далай-лама XIII о статусе Тибета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The 13th Dalai Lama on the Status of Tibet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-1359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>Сергей Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>Sergius L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>д. 12, ул. Рождественка, 12107031 Москва, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (History), Ph.D. (Biology), Leading Research Associate</p><p>12, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow 12107031, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ipe51@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин С.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин С.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin S.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2299">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2299</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель статьи ― анализ взглядов Далай-ламы XIII на статус Тибета в его исторической ретроспективе. Материалы. Изучены российские разведывательные и дипломатические документы из Архива внешней политики Российской империи (АВПРИ) с привлечением ранее опубликованных данных из архивов и мемуаров. Результаты. Согласно изученным материалам, Далай-лама XIII указывал, что отношения Далай-лам с цинскими императорами ограничивались лишь тем, что первые были «духовниками» последних, тогда как светскую власть над Тибетом Далай-лама V получил от монгольского Гуши-хана; со временем цинская власть там укреплялась и китайцы стали считать Тибет полузависимым государством, но не было ни завоевания, ни какого-либо государственного акта или документа, подтверждающего подобную зависимость, за исключением односторонних административных распоряжений китайских правителей; Тибет никогда не был под владычеством Китая; лишь позже их отношения стали переходить в вассальную зависимость Тибета; с отречением маньчжурской династии Тибет становился столь же самостоятельным, как до нее. Эти заявления Далай-ламы XIII согласуются с историческими фактами. Связи Далай-лам и цинскими императорами адекватно описываются отношениями «наставник – покровитель». Изученные документы показывают, что тибетско-цинские отношения трактовались обеими сторонами в ряде аспектов по-разному. До самого отречения маньчжурской династии Далай-лама не стал вассалом императора, а Тибет ― частью Цинской империи. Коллапс этой империи и отречение династии дали основание Далай-ламе говорить об окончательном прекращении прежних связей Тибета с Китаем. В статье также приводятся беседы Далай-ламы XIII с российскими представителями и обсуждается церемониал его приема вдовствующей императрицей Цыси и императором Гуансюем в Пекине.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Goals. The work aims at analysis of the views of the 13th Dalai Lama on the status of Tibet. Russian archival diplomatic and intelligence documents, as well as earlier published data from archives and memoirs of eyewitnesses, were used as materials. Received results reveal that the 13th Dalai Lama had shown that connections between the Dalai Lamas and the Qing emperors were limited only by the fact that the former were ‘spiritual masters’ of the latter, while the 5th Dalai Lama received secular power over Tibet from the Mongol Gushri Khan. Over time, the Qing power in Tibet was strengthened, and the Chinese began to consider Tibet a semi-dependent state. However, there were neither military conquest, nor any state act confirming such dependence, except for unilateral administrative orders from Chinese officials. Tibet was never under the rule of China, only later their relations began to transform into the vassal dependence of Tibet. With the abdication of the Manchu Dynasty, Tibet should become independent as before. These statements of the 13th Dalai Lama correspond to historical facts. Connections between the Dalai Lamas and the Qing emperors may be sufficiently described by the ‘priest–patron’ principle. Documents reveal that the Tibetan–Qing relations were treated in many aspects differently by both sides. Until the end of the Manchu Dynasty, the Dalai Lama never became a vassal to the Emperor, and Tibet was not a part of the Qing Empire. The collapse of this empire and the abdication of this dynasty gave the Dalai Lama new reason to declare final termination of the former connections between Tibet and China. The article quotes the Dalai Lama’s talks with Russian officials. Elaboration of ceremony of his reception by the Dowager Empress Cixi and Guangxu Emperor in Beijing is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Цин</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Тибет</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>независимость</kwd><kwd>сюзеренитет</kwd><kwd>государственность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Qing</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Tibet</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>suzerainty</kwd><kwd>independence</kwd><kwd>statehood</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">АВПРИ ― Архив внешней политики Российской империи. Ф. КС ― Фонд «Китайский стол»; Ф. МП ― Фонд «Миссия в Пекине».</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Coll. ‘Chinese Table (Department)’; coll. ‘Mission in Beijing’. 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