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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2020-49-3-493-505</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-2530</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От политики «четырех чисток» к созданию ревкомов в Хулун-Буире (к реконструкции событий начального этапа «культурной революции»)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From the Policy of ‘Four Purges’ to the Creation of Revolutionary Committees in Hulunbuir: Reconstructing the Beginnings of China’s Cultural Revolution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0404-7207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыбенов</surname><given-names>Базар Догсонович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsybenov</surname><given-names>Bazar D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. 6, ул. Сахьяновой, 670047 Улан-Удэ, Российская Федерация</p><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Sakhyanovа St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation)</p><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Senior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bazar75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-2820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Очиров</surname><given-names>Цыден Солбонович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ochirov</surname><given-names>Tsyden S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. 6, ул. Сахьяновой, 670047 Улан-Удэ, Российская Федерация</p><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6, Sakhyanovа St., Ulan-Ude 670047, Russian Federation)</p><p>Postgraduate Student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tsyden.ochirov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>493</fpage><lpage>505</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыбенов Б.Д., Очиров Ц.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыбенов Б.Д., Очиров Ц.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsybenov B., Ochirov T.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2530">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2530</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Актуальной проблемой современного востоковедения является изучение особенностей проведения «культурной революции» на национальных окраинах КНР. Одним из важных в геополитическом отношении приграничных регионов, где проведение идеолого-политической кампании явилось насущной необходимостью ее сторонников, был Хулун-Буирский аймак Автономного района Внутренняя Монголия (АРВМ). Целью исследования является реконструкция политических событий в Хулун-Буирском аймаке в 1965–1968 гг. Задачи исследования расположены в хронологической последовательности: 1) рассмотрение кампании «четырех чисток» и борьбы с «четырьмя пережитками» как предыстории «культурной революции»; 2) освещение кардинальных перемен, произошедших в местных органах власти и в руководстве аймачного парткома в 1966–1968 гг.; 3) изучение репрессивной деятельности хунвейбинов и цзаофаней в Хулун-Буире, их деление на два борющихся лагеря; 4) изучение создания аймачного ревкома и его деятельности в 1968 г. Материалы исследования представляют собой три сборника официальных документов по исследуемой проблематике, опубликованные в КНР. Они дополнены рядом работ отечественных и зарубежных авторов, в ряде случаев проводится сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ событий и фактов. Результаты: прослежен органичный переход от идейно-политических кампаний начала 1960‑х гг. к «культурной революции»; установлены события и факты, имевшие место в Хулун-Буирском аймаке в 1966–1968 гг., включая имена репрессированных партийных руководителей Хулун-Буирского аймака и новых назначенцев из провинций Хубэй и Шаньси, руководства военного совета; на основе данных по эвенкийскому хошуну и хошунов Новой Барги установлено разделение массовых революционных организаций на противоборствующие направления; отмечено усиление репрессий в отношении членов фракций Народно-революционной партии Внутренней Монголии (НРПВМ) в аймаке после создания ревкома Хулун-Буирского аймака и вступления на должность председателя ревкома Шанминя, сторонника радикальных мер в отношении «классовых врагов». Выводы. Политические события в Хулун-Буирском аймаке в 1965–1968 гг. имели прямую связь как с ситуацией в АРВМ, так и во всем Китае. Назначение кадровых партийных работников из центральных провинций КНР, очевидно, наблюдалось и в других аймаках АРВМ. Особенностью репрессивной политики в Хулун-Буирском аймаке явились гонения на членов фракции «объединения» НРПВМ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Peculiarities of the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in China’s national regions remain a poorly studied issue in modern Oriental studies. In this regard, Hulunbuir league of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had been a strategically important and geopolitically significant region of the country. This territory bordered on the Mongolian People’s Republic and the USSR, therefore the central government of China considered its population potentially dangerous and marginal. The People’s Revolutionary Party of Inner Mongolia had two party factions in Hulunbuir league: the ‘unification’ faction, and the ‘justice’ one. The Maoists viewed the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction of the People’s Revolutionary Party of Inner Mongolia as a particularly dangerous, separatist trend. Goals. The paper aims to examine the political events and facts that took place in Hulunbuir league in 1965–1968. Objectives. Chronologically, the first objective is to examine the ideological and political campaigns —struggle against the ‘Four Olds’, and the ‘Four Purges’ — as a prehistory to the ‘Cultural Revolution’. The second objective is to analyze the cardinal changes that took place in the leadership of the party committee and local authorities in 1966–1968. The third problem studied deals with repressive activities of the Red Guards and Zaofan in Hulunbuir league, their division into two fighting camps. The fourth objective is to examine the creation of the aimag revolutionary committee and its activities in 1968. Materials. The work analyzes three collections of official documents published in the PRC. The information thereof is supplemented with materials from works by Russian and foreign authors. The article provides a comparative analysis of events and facts, translates some terms from Mongolian and Chinese. Results. The introducing part the paper examines a prehistory of the ‘Cultural Revolution’, the ideological and political campaigns. Its main part studies the events of the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in the region. In July of 1966, a special working group arrived in Hailar on behalf of the CPC Northern Bureau. Members of this group were cadre Party workers from Hubei and Shanxi provinces. In September of 1966, Party Committee Secretary of Hulunbuir league Qi Junshan and Deputy Secretary Zhargal were dismissed from their posts. Red Guards appeared in Hulunbuir in August of 1966 and began organizing ‘struggle meetings’. They actively recruited local Mongolian youth. In 1967, the Red Guards in Hulunbuir split into two opposing factions. They were confronting each other and for a while forgot about ‘class enemies’. Activities of the Red Guards were out of control of the regional authorities, and the situation needed stabilization. In March of 1967, the State Council and the Central Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China decided to create a military council in Hulunbuir league, also referred to as ‘the first line to contain the Revolution and stimulate production’. On December 20, 1967, a revolutionary committee was formed in Hailar. In March of 1968, Shangmin, a loyal follower of Mao Zedong, became the leader of the revolutionary committee. Making false accusations, he intensified repressions against members of the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction. Conclusions. Political events in Hulunbuir league in 1965–1968 were directly related to the situation in the whole autonomous region and country. Repressions against members of the ‘Mongol Unification’ faction were a distinctive feature of the repressive policy in the region. Still, the appointments of cadre Party workers from central provinces are a poorly understood issue. So, the ‘Cultural Revolution’ in this territory of Inner Mongolia obviously has local features that require further scientific research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«культурная революция»</kwd><kwd>Внутренняя Монголия</kwd><kwd>Хулун-Буирский аймак</kwd><kwd>партком</kwd><kwd>хунвейбины</kwd><kwd>репрессии</kwd><kwd>революционный комитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cultural Revolution</kwd><kwd>Inner Mongolia</kwd><kwd>Hulunbuir league</kwd><kwd>party committee</kwd><kwd>Red Guards</kwd><kwd>repression</kwd><kwd>revolutionary committee</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование проведено в рамках проекта РФФИ № 19-39-90003 «Этнические меньшинства Хулун-Буира в годы культурной революции: политический нарратив и устные истории» (номер госрегистрации: АААА-А20-120052290030-0).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by RFBR, project no. 19-39-90003, state reg. no. 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