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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2021-53-1-158-171</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-2829</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИНГВИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Споры о письменном языке в Ладакхе:  консерваторы и реформаторы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Written Language Debate in Ladakh: Conservative and Reformist Opinions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-7148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссарук</surname><given-names>Екатерина Львовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissaruk</surname><given-names>Ekaterina L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekomissaruk@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики» (д. 21/4, стр. 1, ул. Старая Басманная, 105066 Москва, Российская Федерация)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics (Bldg. 1, 21/4, Staraya Basmannaya St., Moscow 105066 Russian Federation)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комиссарук Е.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комиссарук Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komissaruk E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2829">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2829</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Ладакхи — идиом, распространенный в основном на территории Ладакха (региона, до 2019 г. входившего в состав индийского штата Джамму и Кашмир), а также в районах Китая и Пакистана, граничащих с нынешним Ладакхом. Цель статьи — описание становления ладакхи как письменного языка и споров, которые вызывает этот непростой процесс как в самом Ладакхе, так и за его пределами. Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования послужили различные официальные материалы местной администрации Ладакха, научные публикации и  грамматические описания идиома ладакхи, а также интервью с жителями Ладакха. В 2010–2011 гг. были проведены полевые исследования в Ладакхе, основными методами которых были включенное наблюдение, анализ документальных источников и интервьюирование.  Результаты. Большинство ладакхцев считают тибетский и ладакхи одним языком и часто объединяют их лингвонимом «бхоти». С момента образования независимого княжества Ладакх в X в. доминирующим письменным языком здесь был классический тибетский, но для устных коммуникаций использовались и другие идиомы. Долгое время ладакхи существовал в качестве «низкого» языка в условиях диглоссии. Подавляющее большинство чиновников, работников сферы образования и буддийских лам Ладакха до сих пор полагают, что ладакхи — это не отдельный язык, а лишь устная форма классического тибетского, каковой ему и надлежит оставаться. А любые попытки письменной кодификации языка они воспринимают как посягательство на святыню, так как, по их мнению, тибетский язык был создан Тхонми Самбхотой для записи священных буддийских текстов и должен оставаться неизменным. Тем не менее за прошедшие сорок с лишним лет произошли значительные изменения. На ладакхи было создано несколько десятков книг, как оригинальных, так и переводных. Была предпринята попытка издавать на разговорном ладакхи журнал, а также был опубликован перевод второй суры Корана «Аль-Бакара». Вопрос о том, следует или не следует превращать ладакхи в полноценный письменный (литературный) язык, горячо обсуждается в сегодняшнем Ладакхе и за его пределами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ladakhi is an idiom used mainly within Ladakh (a region that until 2019 was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir), as well as in the bordering areas of China and Pakistan. Goals. The paper discusses the development of Ladakhi as a written language and the controversy it leads to both in Ladakh and outside. Methods and Materials. The study analyzes various official documents issued by local administrative bodies of Ladakh, academic works and grammatical descriptions of the Ladakhi idiom, as well as interviews with residents of the region. The main methods of the field research conducted in Ladakh in 2010—2011 include participant observation, analysis of documentary sources, and interviewing. Results. Most Ladakhis consider Tibetan and Ladakhi to be the same language, often using the linguonym ‘Bhoti’ to refer to both the languages. Since the independent princedom of Ladakh was established in the 10th century AD, Classical Tibetan has been the dominant written language there, while other idioms have also been used in oral communication. For a long time, Ladakhi has existed in diglossia, its role being that of a ‘low’ language. Most government officials, education workers and Buddhist clerics in Ladakh still believe that Ladakhi is and should remain a spoken version of Classical Tibetan rather than an entirely separate language. They see any attempts to codify the Ladakhi language as sacrilege because in their opinion the Tibetan language was created by Thonmi Sambhota to put down sacred Buddhist texts, and so it should remain unchanged. However, the last four decades have seen some considerable changes. A few dozen books written in Ladakhi or translated into the language have been published. A number of issues of a magazine in spoken Ladakhi released, and Al-Baqarah, the second surah of Quran, was also published in Ladakhi. Whether Ladakhi should become a fully fledged written (literary) language is the subject of hot debates in contemporary Ladakh attracting increasing attention both in and outside the region.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социолингвистика</kwd><kwd>Ладакх</kwd><kwd>ладакхи</kwd><kwd>бхоти</kwd><kwd>Тхонми Самбхота</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd><kwd>языковая идентичность</kwd><kwd>кодификация языка</kwd><kwd>языковая политика Индии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sociolinguistics</kwd><kwd>Ladakh</kwd><kwd>Ladakhi</kwd><kwd>Bhoti</kwd><kwd>Thonmi Sambhota</kwd><kwd>Buddhism</kwd><kwd>language identity</kwd><kwd>language codification</kwd><kwd>India’s language policies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Десницкая 1970 — Десницкая А. В. Наддиалектные формы устной речи и их роль в истории языка. 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