The article examines the main indicators of the standard of living of Kalmykia. On the basis of statistical indicators of the size of subsistence minimum, the average income per capita, the average monthly wage and the structure of money income the author has analyzed the dynamics of changes in the standard of living and income differentiation of the population. It is noted that since 2005 the size of subsistence minimum in Kalmykia has increased by nearly 59% and accounted 7750 rubles in the fourth quarter of 2014. In 2010, 48.5% of the population had an income of less than 6,000 rubles per month. Compared to 2010, in 2013 the proportion of people whose income was less than 6,000 rubles per month decreased by 10% and amounted 28.3%. The statistics show that the average wage of the region in the given period amounted 24,920 rubles. The population of the republic basically spends the money on goods and services (consumer spending). The analysis showed that the level of unequal access to income and other resources still remains high, as shown by the indicators of income inequality.