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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2023-66-2-353-363</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-4311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL HISTORY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Советские врачи и борьба с эпидемиями в Синьцзяне (конец 1920-х – 1940-е гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soviet Physicians and Struggle against Epidemics in Xinjiang: Late 1920s – 1940s</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4300-9403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкуев</surname><given-names>Всеволод Юрьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkuev</surname><given-names>Vsevolod Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (History), Leading Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbashkuev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (д. 6, ул. Сахьяновой, 670047 Улан-Удэ, Российская Федерация)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (6, Sakhyanova St., 670047 Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>353</fpage><lpage>363</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Башкуев В.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Башкуев В.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bashkuev V.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4311">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4311</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Долго остававшаяся вне поля зрения историков тема советско-синьцзянского медицинского сотрудничества помогает понять, почему Синьцзян был столь важен для СССР в межвоенный период. Парадоксально, но «мягкая сила» советской медицины смогла полностью раскрыться не в идеологически дружественных Монгольской Народной Республике и Тувинской Народной Республике, а в постоянно бурлящем Синьцзяне на фоне чудовищных социальных катаклизмов 1930–1940-х гг. Цель исследования — изучение советской медико-санитарной помощи региону через призму борьбы с эпидемиями, составлявшей важный аспект взаимодействия. Материалы и методы. Источниковой базой исследования послужили документы из фондов А-482 (Министерство здравоохранения РСФСР) и Р-8009 (Министерство здравоохранения СССР) в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации. В основе исследования лежат геополитический, ретроспективный и сравнительный подходы. Результаты. В условиях постоянной этнической турбулентности, при строгом ограничении возможностей пропаганды советские врачи использовали «мягкую силу» в здравоохранении через профессионализм и самоотверженное служение гуманистическим идеалам. Борьба с эпидемиями составила один из «столпов» взаимодействия, так как работа врачей не только спасала тысячи жизней в Синьцзяне, но и внушала уважение к мощи советского здравоохранения, а также оберегала рубежи СССР от проникновения опасных патогенов. Выводы. СССР вкладывал в помощь Синьцзяну значительные кадровые и материальные ресурсы, рискуя жизнями советских врачей не из альтруизма, а из рациональных соображений безопасности и расширения влияния. Борьба с эпидемиями в архаичном традиционном синьцзянском обществе, где страх перед чумой и оспой был велик, повышала авторитет не только врачей, но и СССР как научной и медицинской державы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The long-overlooked topic of Soviet–Xinjiang medical cooperation can facilitate a better understanding of why Xinjiang was that important to the USSR in the interwar period. Paradoxically, the ‘soft power’ of Soviet medicine was able to come into fruition not in the ideologically friendly Mongolian and Tuvan People’s Republics — but in the turbulent Xinjiang against the background of disastrous social cataclysms of the 1930s and 1940s. Goals. The article aims to examine Soviet medical and sanitary assistance to the region through the prism of epidemic control efforts that constituted an important aspect of interaction. Materials and methods. The study analyzes documents from collections A-482 (‘Ministry of Health of the RSFSR’) and Р-8009 (‘Ministry of Health of the USSR’) of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The geopolitical, retrospective, and comparative approaches shape a basis of the research agenda. Results. Soviet physicians were implementing the ‘soft power’ of healthcare through professionalism and selfless service to humanistic ideals under constant ethnic disturbances and strictly limited propaganda opportunities. The struggle against epidemics constituted one of the ‘pillars’ of interaction, since the medical advisers not only saved thousands of lives in Xinjiang but also instilled respect for the power of Soviet healthcare and protected the Soviet frontiers from dangerous pathogens. Conclusions. The Soviet Union invested significant human and material resources to support Xinjiang at the peril of Soviet physicians’ lives not out of mere altruism but rather following rational security concerns with a view to expand influence. The struggle against epidemics in the traditional, archaic Xinjiang society with utmost fear of plague and smallpox strengthened the authority of not only health professionals but also that of the USSR as a scientific and medical power.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидемии</kwd><kwd>Синьцзян</kwd><kwd>«мягкая сила»</kwd><kwd>легочная чума</kwd><kwd>оспа</kwd><kwd>скарлатина</kwd><kwd>советские амбулатории</kwd><kwd>Наркомздрав СССР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidemics</kwd><kwd>Xinjiang</kwd><kwd>‘soft power’</kwd><kwd>pneumonic plague</kwd><kwd>smallpox</kwd><kwd>scarlet fever</kwd><kwd>Soviet outpatient clinics</kwd><kwd>USSR People’s Commissariat for Health</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках проекта «„Мягкая сила“ советской медицины: трансфер знаний, технологий и идеологий в международных связях Наркомздрава РСФСР/СССР (1921–1947)» (№ 19-18-00031).</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 19-18-00031 ‘Soft Power of Soviet Medicine: Transfer of Knowledge, Technologies, and Ideologies in International Relations of the RSFSR/USSR People’s Commissariat for Health (1921–1947)’.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ГА РФ — Государственный архив Российской Федерации.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State Archive of the Russian Federation.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башкуев 2016a — Башкуев В. 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