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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2023-69-5-1210-1227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-4832</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХЕОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHEOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт определения копромаркеров в отложениях археологических памятников (по материалам стоянки Сельунгур, Южный Кыргызстан)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identifying Markers for Copro-Analysis of Archaeological Deposits: A Study of Materials from the Selungur Cave (Southern Kyrgyzstan)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9022-1525</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашков</surname><given-names>Михаил Вадимович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shashkov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат химических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Chemistry), Senior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shashkov@catalysis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-0602</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилич</surname><given-names>Снежана Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilich</surname><given-names>Snezhana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат геолого-минералогических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Geology and Mineralogy), Senior Research Associate </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snezhy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-9250</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаргынов</surname><given-names>Темирлан</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chargynov</surname><given-names>Temirlan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Head of Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tima_chargynov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-0664</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крайцарж</surname><given-names>Мачей Томаш</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krajcarz</surname><given-names>Maciej T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, заведующий Лабораторией изотопов </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Head of the Laboratory</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mkrajcarz@twarda.pan.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-0942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алишер кызы</surname><given-names>Салтанат</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alisherkyzy</surname><given-names>Saltanat</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Junior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saltanat.alisher.kyzy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-707X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бенце</surname><given-names>Виола</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bence</surname><given-names>Viola</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bence.viola@utoronto.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-4286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнайдер</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnaider</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Senior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta.shnayder@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт археологии и этнографии СО РАН (д. 17, ул. Лаврентьева, 630090 Новосибирск, Российская Федерация)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the RAS (17, Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кыргызский национальный университет им. Ж. Баласагына (д. 547, ул. Фрунзе, 720033 Бишкек, Кыргызстан)<country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">J. Balasagyn Kyrgyz National University (547, Frunze St., 720033 Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic)<country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт геологии Польcкой академии наук (д. 51/55, ул. Тварда, 00-818 Варшава, Республика Польша)<country>Польша</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (51/55, Twarda St., 00-818 Warsaw, Republic of Poland)<country>Poland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Торонто (19, ул. Урсулы Франклин, ON M5S 2S2 Торонто, Канада)<country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Toronto (19, Ursula Franklin St., ON M5S 2S2 Toronto, Canada)<country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1210</fpage><lpage>1227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шашков М.В., Жилич С.В., Чаргынов Т., Крайцарж М., Алишер кызы С., Бенце В., Шнайдер С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шашков М.В., Жилич С.В., Чаргынов Т., Крайцарж М., Алишер кызы С., Бенце В., Шнайдер С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shashkov M.V., Zhilich S.V., Chargynov T., Krajcarz M., Alisherkyzy S., Bence V., Shnaider S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4832">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4832</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В данной статье рассматриваются результаты изучения пепловых слоев из голоценовых отложений пещеры Сельунгур. Цель исследования заключается в апробации применения метода определения копромаркеров в археологических отложениях. Полевое изучение голоценовых отложений объекта проводилось в полевые сезоны 2018 и 2021 гг., здесь выявлено 7 голоценовых слоев, представляющих собой стратифицированные слои сгоревшего помета травоядных животных. Последовательность содержит свидетельства о землетрясениях, которые нарушали осадочный слой, вызывая образование водовыпускных структур, пластических деформаций и разломов. Тем не менее стратиграфия остается легко читаемой. К сожалению, археологические и палеофаунистические материалы здесь не обнаружены, но серия пеплосодержащих прослоев позволяет предположить, что пещера неоднократно посещалась древними людьми. Материалы и методы. Всего было отобрано 7 образцов, по одному из каждого слоя для проведения анализа на содержание макроуглей, а после газ-хромато-спектрометрического анализа. В пепловых отложениях методом анализа макроуглей были выявлены участки концентрации сгоревшего дерева, которое использовались для разведения костров. По всему разрезу голоценовых отложений были отобраны серии проб для анализа методом газовой масс-спектрометрии. Также был проведен анализ современного навоза травоядных животных, обитающих на данной территории: коров, овец, коз, лошадей и ослов, полученные данные были использованы в качестве сравнительной коллекции. Результаты и выводы. К сожалению, в слое 7 пещеры Сельунгур плохо сохранились продукты горения, богатые данные мы получили из слоев 6–1. Полученные результаты позволяют идентифицировать копростерины и установить, что в слоях 6–2 в качестве топлива использовался конский навоз, а в первом слое — козий. Наиболее широкое распространение лошадей в этом регионе происходило в период существования государства Давань (Паркан), в III в. до н. э. и позднее — в средние века. Скорее всего, в эти периоды горный коридор, в котором находится Сельунгур, мог использоваться как один из перевалов Великого шелкового пути, соединявший Ферганскую и Алайскую долины. Накопление верхнего слоя, на наш взгляд, связано с современным периодом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The article discusses the results of a study of ash layers from Holocene deposits at the Selungur (Surungur) Cave. Goals. So, the work attempts a practical evaluation of a method of identifying coprostanols in archaeological sediments. The investigation of Holocene deposits of the site was carried out in 2018 and 2021 field seasons. The study identifies a total of 7 Holocene layers that represent the typical ‘fumier’ facies of cave and rock shelter deposits connected to pastoralism and animal husbandry practices, and built up of stratified layers of burnt herbivore dung. The sequence contains a record of multiple earthquakes that disturbed the sediments and effected in water escape structures, plastic deformations, and faults. Nevertheless, the stratigraphy remains easily readable. Unfortunately, archaeological and paleofaunistic materials were never found but a series of ash-containing interlayers suggests that the cave was repeatedly visited by ancient humans. Materials. In the ash deposits, our micro charcoal analysis has identified areas of concentration of burnt dungs which was used for fire. Series of samples were taken throughout the section of Holocene deposits for gas mass spectrometry analysis. The research efforts have also included the analysis of modern dung from herbivores inhabiting the area, such as cows, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys, for the latter obtained data to serve as a reference collection. Results. Unfortunately, layer 7 of the Selungur Cave proved characterized by poor preservation of fire products, while layers 6–1 yielded somewhat rich data. The obtained results make it possible to identify coprosterols and determine that equine dung was used in layers 6-2 as a fuel, and goat dung — in the first layer. The most widespread distribution of equines in this region occurred during the existence of Dayuan (Parkan) state, in the third century BC and later in the Middle Ages. Most likely, during these periods the mountain corridor comprising the Selungur Cave could have been used as a pass of the Silk Road that connected the Fergana and Alay valleys. The accumulation of the upper layer, in our opinion, is associated with the modern era.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd><kwd>Даваньское государство</kwd><kwd>Великий Шелковый путь</kwd><kwd>пещера Сельунгур</kwd><kwd>пеплосодержащие прослои</kwd><kwd>копростеролы</kwd><kwd>лошадиный навоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Central Asia</kwd><kwd>Dayuan</kwd><kwd>Silk Road</kwd><kwd>Selungur</kwd><kwd>ash-containing interlayers</kwd><kwd>coprosterols</kwd><kwd>Equidae</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках проекта «Пересмотр перехода к производящей экономике в Центральной Азии: Новый междисциплинарный подход к вопросу неолитизации в Ферганской долине») (№ 22-28-01958, https://rscf.ru/project/22-28-01958/). За консультации во время проведения полевых работ и написания статьи авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность члену-корреспонденту, доктору исторических наук А. И. Кривошапкину.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation, grant no 22-28-01958 ‘Revisiting the Transition to Farming in Central Asia: A New Interdisciplinary Approach to the Neolithization of the Fergana Valley’. The authors extend gratitude to Dr. Andrei I. Krivoshapkin, Corresponding Member of the RAS, for most valuable consultations during field research and manuscript preparation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ажигирей 1928 — Ажигирей Г. Древние рисунки на камнях урочища Сурот-Таш близ Оша // Известия Среднеазиатского отделения Географического общества. 1928. Т. 18. 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