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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2024-73-3-476-</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-5450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Экспедиция в Китай»: коррупция и становление тихоокеанской политики Великобритании в первой половине XIX в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>‘The Expedition to China’: Corruption and Shaping of British Pacific Policy in the Early-to-Mid Nineteenth Century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4338-9236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковец</surname><given-names>Ольга Юрьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukovets</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат философских наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seal_@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-5838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Склярова</surname><given-names>Елена Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyarovа</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (History), Professor </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">affina18@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2310-161X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутиева</surname><given-names>Мадинат Алимбековна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutieva</surname><given-names>Madinat A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Associate Professor </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">madina-gutieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный морской университет им. адмирала Ф. Ушакова (д. 93, пр. Ленина, 353918 Новороссийск, Российская Федерация)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Admiral Ushakov Maritime State University (93 Lenin Av., 353918 Novorossiysk, Russian Federation)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южный Федеральный университет (д. 105/42, ул. Б. Садовая, 344006 Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Southern Federal University (105/42, B. Sadovaya St., 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Южный Федеральный университет (д. 105/42, ул. Б. Садовая, 344006 Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Gorsky State Agrarian University (37, Kirov St., 362020 Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>476</fpage><lpage>488</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жуковец О.Ю., Склярова Е.К., Гутиева М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жуковец О.Ю., Склярова Е.К., Гутиева М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhukovets O.Y., Sklyarovа E.K., Gutieva M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5450">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5450</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье рассматриваются особенности становления тихоокеанской политики Великобритании в первой половине XIX в. в Китае. Проблема комплексно не рассматривалась в контексте парламентских дебатов Соединенного Королевства, где впервые использовался термин «тихоокеанская политика». Кроме того, эти вопросы впервые анализируются в контексте проблемы коррупции, которая существовала как в Китае, так и в самой Британии. Внешняя политика, частью которой стала продажа опиума, использование военно-морской блокады и коррупция заставляют историков выявлять истоки противоречий этих стран. Цель данного исследования ― анализ эволюции и особенностей формирования «тихоокеанской политики» Великобритании в Китае в контексте выработки этой политики парламентом, а также проблемы коррупции двух стран в первой половине XIX в. Задачи исследования предполагают рассмотрение позиций членов правительства и парламента Британии, пытавшихся с помощью законов, прессы, колониальной идеологии и военно-морской блокады портов Китая обосновать тихоокеанскую политику. Материалы и методы. Исследование предпринято на основе парламентских дебатов, законов и прессы Британии, документов личного происхождения, а также периодической печати Австралии и Индии. В работе применялись историко-генетический и системный методы исследования. Результаты. Доказано, что с начала XIX в. в парламенте Британии шло становление тихоокеанской политики, а также Британия предлагала расширить торговлю с Китаем через порт Кантон, используя военные корабли для национальных интересов. Новые законы, принимавшиеся с целью предотвратить коррупцию, координировали деятельность суперинтендантов Британии, запрещалось им принимать подарки и торговать, а также предусматривалась передача им полномочий, которыми пользовались представители Ост-Индской компании, которая лишалась ее привилегий. В парламенте ставилась задача контроля коррумпированного правительства Китая, однако коррупция была спецификой государственного управления и самой Британии. Обоснование нового курса внешней политики было связано с изменением вектора колониальной политики с Индии на Китай, стремлением сохранить коммерческую прибыль, вытеснением монополии Ост-Индской компании. Военные действия в водах Китая, дипломатично называемые в парламенте «экспедиция», закрепили становление «тихоокеанской политики» Британии, особенностью которой стало использование военно-морских сил и блокады портов, коррупция, ведение военных действий с минимальными затратами для Британии. Направление военно-морских сил в Китай, их финансирование и военные действия цинично обосновывались в британском парламенте как защита национальных интересов Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Ирландии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The paper examines some features inherent to the shaping of Britain’s Pacific policy throughout the early-to-mid nineteenth century in China. The issue was never approached comprehensively in the context of UK parliamentary debates that first mentioned the term ‘Pacific policy’. Additionally, the work is first to analyze the mentioned aspects in the context corruption then practiced both in China and Great Britain. The foreign-policy agenda to have included the British trade in opium, naval blockades and corruption is abundant in contradictions between the nations yet to be revealed in further research. Goals. The study seeks to analyze the evolution and features inherent to the shaping of Britain’s Pacific policy in China in the context of how the very policy was being articulated by the UK Parliament, and the problem of corruption faced by both the countries in the early-to-mid nineteenth century. To facilitate this, the work shall consider the stands of UK government and parliament members who sought to give grounds for the Pacific policy with the aid of laws, the media, colonial ideologies, and naval blockades of Chinese ports. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on materials of parliamentary debates, legislative enactments, British print media, personal documents, periodicals of Australia and India. The historical-genetic and system-analysis methods have proved most instrumental herein. Results. As is shown, the early nineteenth century was witnessing initial attempts to develop some Pacific policy in the UK Parliament, e.g., it was offered to expand trade with China through the port of Canton and use warships for national interests. The subsequent anti-corruption enactments would coordinate activities of British superintendents and prohibit them from accepting gifts or engaging in any personal trade. The latter would also be granted powers and privileges previously owned by representatives of the East India Company. The UK Parliament was seeking to control the corrupt Chinese government, but corruption was as characteristic of Britain’s public administration too. The rationale for the new foreign-policy course was that the very vector of colonial policy changed ― from India to China, and they were striving to preserve commercial profits and displace the monopoly of the East India Company. Military operations in Chinese waters diplomatically referred to as ‘the Expedition’ in the UK Parliament did consolidate the shaping of Britain’s Pacific policy characterized by the use of naval forces and sea blockades, corruption and military invasions conducted with minimal costs. The deployment of naval forces to China, their financing and military actions were cynically justified in the Parliament as ‘protection of the UK’s national interests’.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>внешняя политика</kwd><kwd>тихоокеанская политика</kwd><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>опиумная война</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Индия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>foreign policy</kwd><kwd>Pacific policy</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>Opium Wars</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>India</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутаков, Тизенгаузен 2002 ― Бутаков А., Тизенгаузен А. Опиумные войны. Обзор войн европейцев против Китая в 1840–1842, 1856–1858, 1859 и 1860 г. М.: АСТ, 2002. 400 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bombay Times. 1840, April 15. 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