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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2024-74-4-734-749</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-5517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Турецкий фактор в уйгурском вопросе Китая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Turkish Factor in China’s Uyghur Question</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2810-3808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бдоян</surname><given-names>Давид Гургенович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bdoyan</surname><given-names>David G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc. (History), Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.g.bdoyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-3751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>Tatiana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор политических наук, доцент, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Political Science), Associate Professor, Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tantin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Одинцовский филиал Московского государственного института международных отношений (университета) Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации (д. 3, ул. Новоспортивная, 143005 Одинцово, Российская Федерация)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Odintsovo Branch (3, Novosportivnaya St., 143005 Odintsovo, Russian Federation)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>734</fpage><lpage>749</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бдоян Д.Г., Литвинова Т.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бдоян Д.Г., Литвинова Т.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bdoyan D.G., Litvinova T.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5517">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5517</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В последнее время активизируется критика китайского руководства по вопросу ситуации в Синьцзян-Уйгурском автономном районе. Ряд исследований ООН, а также негосударственных организаций обвиняют КНР в нарушении прав уйгурского населения. Западные государства используют данную проблему как инструмент политического давления на КНР. В то же время реакция на данные события руководства Турции ― государства, которое позиционирует себя как лидера «тюркского мира» ― остается сдержанной. Материалы и методы. В рамках статьи, опираясь на методологию интернационализации (расширения) этнического конфликта и структурно-реалистический подход в теории международных отношений, авторы определяют главные факторы внешнеполитического курса Турции по проблеме уйгуров. В работе использованы методы исторического и ситуационного анализа, проведен анализ документов и заявлений лиц, принимающих решения, мониторинг СМИ для определения наиболее конфликтных моментов турецко-китайских отношений и их причин. Результаты. В данном исследовании посредством исторического и ситуационного анализа выявлено, что турецкое руководство ведет двойственную политику по вопросу нарушения прав мусульманского населения Синьцзян-Уйгурского автономного района, являющуюся отражением противоречия между «неоосманским» видением роли Турции в современном мировом порядке и необходимостью проведения прагматичного внешнеполитического курса в духе политического реализма. Учитывая возвышающуюся роль КНР в современной системе международных отношений и ее закрепление в качестве одного из ключевых центров силы в формирующемся многополярном мире, Турция отказывается от активной критики в адрес китайского руководства. Выводы. В качестве основных факторов двойственности позиции Турции в отношении уйгурской проблемы в КНР выявлены: с одной стороны, «неоосманские» амбиции страны и поддержка уйгуров в общественном сознании, а с другой стороны, беспрецедентный валютно-финансовый кризис в Турции, необходимость поиска иностранных инвестиций в страну, участие в китайской инициативе «Один пояс ― один путь» и военно-техническое сотрудничество между Турцией и Китаем. Результаты исследования показывают приверженность турецкого руководства традиционным принципам политического реализма, согласно которым главными национальными интересами государства являются обеспечение безопасности населения и стабильности экономического развития страны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p> Introduction. The situation in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is drawing increased international attention. A number of UN reports and ones by non-governmental organizations accuse the PRC of violating the rights of the Uyghur population. Western powers tend to use the issue as a tool of political pressure on China. However, the reaction of Turkey — a nation that positions itself as leader of the ‘Turkic world’ — remains somewhat restrained. Materials and methods. The paper addresses the methodology of internationalization (expansion) of ethnic conflict and the structural realist approach in the theory of international relations to identify key factors of Turkey’s foreign policy on the Uyghur agenda. The employed methods include those of historical and situational analysis, while the attempted insights into documents and statements of decision-makers coupled with mass media monitoring efforts seek to identify most conflictive aspects of Turkey-China relations and determine their causes. Results. The conducted historical and situational analyses reveal Turkey is pursuing an ambivalent policy on the issue of Muslims’ violated rights in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, which manifests the contradiction between the ‘neo-Ottoman’ vision of Turkey’s role in the contemporary world order — and the need of a pragmatic foreign policy course in the spirit of political realism. Given China’s role in the present-day system of international relations is actually increasing to shape a crucial center of power in the emerging multipolar world, Turkey restrains from any essential criticism towards the Chinese Government. Conclusions. The work identifies main factors behind Turkey’s dual position on the Uyghur question in the PRC: the country’s ‘neo-Ottoman’ ambitions and support for the Uyghurs in public consciousness — and the unprecedented monetary/financial crisis in Turkey, a need to seek foreign investment, participation in the Belt and Road Initiative, and military/technical cooperation with China. The study attests to the Turkish Government retains its commitment to the traditional principles of political realism basically aimed at ensuring national security and stability of economic development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Синьцзян-Уйгурский автономный район</kwd><kwd>уйгуры</kwd><kwd>турецко-китайские отношения</kwd><kwd>«неоосманизм»</kwd><kwd>«тюркский мир»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region</kwd><kwd>Uyghurs</kwd><kwd>Turkey-China relations</kwd><kwd>‘neo-Ottomanism’</kwd><kwd>‘Turkic world’</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доклад ООН 2022 — Доклад ООН: КНР несет ответственность за «серьезные нарушения прав человека» в провинции Синьцзян [элект­ронный ресурс] // UN News. 2022. 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