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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2619-0990-2025-78-2-280-296</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-5972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВСЕОБЩАЯ ИСТОРИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Деятельность итальянских купцов в Персии в эпоху монгольского владычества</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Activities of Italian Merchants in Mongol Persia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-7835</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беделова</surname><given-names>Гульжан Сейдуалиевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bedelova</surname><given-names>Gulzhan S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, ассоциированный профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sc (History), Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulzhanbedelova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9072-6344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жумагулов</surname><given-names>Калкаман Турсунович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumagulov</surname><given-names>Kalkaman T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (History), Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalkaman.zhumagulov@kaznu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масимханулы</surname><given-names>Дукен</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Massimkhanuly</surname><given-names>Duken</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Philology),Professor, Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masimkhan-63@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-4347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абиденкызы</surname><given-names>Айнур</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abidenkyzy</surname><given-names>Ainur</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Leading Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainurbai-67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби (д. 71, пр. Аль-Фараби, 050040 Алматы, Республика Казахстан)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби (д. 71, пр. Аль-Фараби, 050040 Алматы, Республика Казахстан)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Аl-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения им. Р. Б. Сулейменова (д. 29, ул. Курмангазы, 050010 Алматы, Республика Казахстан)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>R. B. Suleimenov Institute of Oriental Studies (29, Kurmangazy St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения им. Р. Б. Сулейменова (д. 29, ул. Курмангазы, 050010 Алматы, &#13;
Республика Казахстан)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>R. B. Suleimenov Institute of Oriental Studies (29, Kurmangazy St., 050010 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>280</fpage><lpage>296</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беделова Г.С., Жумагулов К.Т., Масимханулы Д., Абиденкызы А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беделова Г.С., Жумагулов К.Т., Масимханулы Д., Абиденкызы А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bedelova G.S., Zhumagulov K.T., Massimkhanuly D., Abidenkyzy A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5972">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/5972</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье рассматривается деятельность итальянских купцов в Персии в середине XIII–XIV вв. в условиях монгольского владычества. Авторы анализируют экономическую, дипломатическую и социальную роль итальянцев в торговых сетях Ильханата, а также факторы, способствовавшие интеграции европейских купцов в монгольскую экономическую модель. Основное внимание уделяется финансовым вопросам, взаимодействию итальянских купцов с местной элитой и монгольскими властями, а также причинам упадка их присутствия в данном регионе. Цели и задачи. Исследование представляет собой комплексный анализ итальянской торговой деятельности, основанный на изучении нотариальных документов и контрактов, а также выявлении взаимосвязи между торговой активностью и политическими изменениями в Ильханате. В ходе работы продемонстрировано, что итальянские купцы выполняли не только коммерческие функции, но и играли значительную роль в дипломатических процессах, содействуя переговорам между монгольскими правителями и европейскими державами. Материалы и методы. Материалы исследования включают такие источники, как нотариальные документы, связанные со сделками и долговыми обязательствами, торговые контракты, завещания итальянских купцов, дипломатическая переписка между европейскими монархами и правителями Ильханата, а также хроники западных и восточных авторов. Исследование проводилось на основании как опубликованных источников, так и архивных материалов, требующих специальной атрибуции и анализа. Использование междисциплинарного подхода, включающего методы исторического, экономического и социального анализа, позволило вы­явить особенности итальянской торговой стратегии в Персии. Выявлены механизмы адаптации итальянцев к монгольской системе управления, включая практики партнерства с местной элитой и участие в институционализированных формах торговли. Важным результатом работы стало уточнение факторов, приведших к снижению итальянского влияния, включая изменение религиозной политики Ильханата, эволюцию торговых маршрутов. Авторы подчеркивают, что опыт итальянских купцов в Персии демонстрирует, как в условиях динамичных политических и экономических изменений можно было не только сохранить, но и успешно использовать возможности для межкультурного и межрегионального обмена. Сделан вывод о том, что деятельность итальянских купцов оставила заметный след в истории средневековой торговли, показав, что личные инициативы, адаптация к новым условиям и умелое сочетание коммерческих и дипломатических интересов могут стать мощным двигателем исторических перемен.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The article deals with activities of Italian merchants in Mongol Persia (mid-thirteenth to late fourteenth centuries). The work analyzes economic, diplomatic and social impacts of Italians in trade networks of the Ilkhanate, as well as some factors that facilitated the integration of European merchants into the Mongol economic model. Particular attention is paid to financial issues, the interaction of Italian merchants with local elites and Mongol authorities, reasons behind the decline of their presence in the region. Goals. The study examines notarial documents and trade contracts for certain interconnections between trade endeavors and political changes in the Ilkhanate to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Italian commercial activities. As is shown herein, Italian merchants played not only commercial roles but also contributed significantly to diplomatic processes via facilitating negotiations between Mongol rulers and European powers. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on notarial documents relating to transactions and debt obligations, commercial contracts, wills of Italian merchants, diplomatic correspondence between European monarchs and rulers of the Ilkhanate, chronicles by Western and Eastern authors. The research involves both published and archival materials, the latter to have required special efforts of attribution and analysis. The employed interdisciplinary approach comprising historical, economic, and social analysis tools makes it possible to identify key aspects of Italian trade strategies in Persia. The work highlights some mechanisms of adaptation to the Mongol administrative system, including partnerships with local elites and participations in institutionalized forms of trade. Results. A most essential achievement is that the paper clarifies the factors behind the decline of Italian influence, such as shifts in the Ilkhanate’s religious policy and modifications of trade routes. It is emphasized that the experiences of Italian merchants in Persia illustrate how — in a context of dynamic political and economic changes — they were able not only to sustain but also to successfully leverage opportunities for cultural and regional exchange. Conclusions. The investigated activities of Italian merchants did leave a significant mark on the history of medieval trade, and demonstrate that personal initiatives, adaptation to new conditions, and a skillful combination of commercial and diplomatic interests could serve as powerful drivers of historical transformations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>торговля</kwd><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>Ильханат</kwd><kwd>итальянские купцы</kwd><kwd>торговые общины</kwd><kwd>межкультурный обмен</kwd><kwd>экономическая интеграция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trade</kwd><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>Ilkhanate</kwd><kwd>Italian merchants</kwd><kwd>trade communities</kwd><kwd>cultural exchange</kwd><kwd>economic integration</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование подготовлено в рамках реализации программно-целевого финансирования Комитета науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан «Ранняя и средневековая история, культура Тюркского мира по новым уникальным материалам Ватикана и стран Западной Европы» (ИРН BR24993132).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Science Committee), project no. 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