kigiranOriental StudiesOriental Studies2619-09902619-1008Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)10.22162/2619-0990-2025-82-6-1214-1226kigiran-6170Research ArticleОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ИСТОРИЯNATIONAL HISTORYИдеи джадидизма и проблемы модернизации казахского общества в конце XIX – начале XX в.Ideas of Jadidism and Challenges of Modernizing Kazakh Society in the Late Eighteenth and Early Twentieth Centuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-7738MырзабековМолдахмет СейдахметовичMyrzabekovMoldahmet S.

кандидат исторических наук, доцент

Cand. Sc. (History), Associate Professor

myrzabekovmoldahmet@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6638-4663КокебаеваГулжаухар КакеновнаKokebayevaGulzhaukhar K.

доктор исторических наук, профессор

Dr. Sc. (History), Professor

kokebayeva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8479-1505МырзабековаРыскелды СаламатовнаMyrzabekovaRyskeldy S.

кандидат исторических наук, профессор

Cand. Sc. (History), Professor

myrzabekovaryskeldy@gmail.comКазахский национальный женский педагогический университет (д. 99, ул. Айтеке би, 050000 Алматы, Республика Казахстан)КазахстанKazakh National Women’s Teacher Training University (99, Ayteke-bi St., 050000 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)KazakhstanКазахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби (д. 71, пр. аль-Фараби, 050040 Алматы, Республика Казахстан)КазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)KazakhstanКазахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби (д. 71, пр. аль-Фараби, 050040 Алматы, Казахстан)КазахстанAl-Farabi Kazakh National University (71, Al-Farabi Ave., 050040 Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan)Kazakhstan20250302202618612141226Copyright © Mырзабеков М.С., Кокебаева Г.К., Мырзабекова Р.С., 20262026Mырзабеков М.С., Кокебаева Г.К., Мырзабекова Р.С.Myrzabekov M., Kokebayeva G., Myrzabekova R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/6170

Введение. Во второй половине XIX – начале XX в. в казахских степях распространилось просветительское движение джадидизма. Джадиды были модернистами, прогрессистами, это было движение за обновление и реформирование общества. В казахской степи джадидизм стал значительным явлением, повлиявшим на национальную культуру, идеологию и народное просветительское движение.  Основной целью исследования является анализ нарративов развития казахского общества во второй половине XIX – начале XX в., где наблюдаются попытки джадидистов модернизировать социокультурную, образовательную и политическую жизнь Казахстана.  Материалы и методы. Источниками для данного исследования послужили документы Канцелярии степного генерал-губернатора и инспекторов народных училищ Центрального государственного архива Республики Казахстан. Кроме того, в качестве источников использовались опубликованные документальные материалы и периодические издания. При написании статьи авторы придерживались принципа историзма. Результаты. Джадидизм — общественно-политическое движение, направленное на обновление исламской культуры и общества, перестройку системы мусульманской школы, проведение реформ, кардинально изменивших содержание и структуру начального образования. Включение в состав различных территориально-административных единиц, с одной стороны, замедляло вовлечение казахов в орбиту джадидистских реформ, с другой — открывало возможности для развития самостоятельных действий казахских джадидистов, активная деятельность которых разворачивалась преимущественно на территории Степного генерал-губернаторства. Выводы. Реформа в области народного образования, проведенная джадидами в европейском духе на рубеже XIX и XX вв., оказала наиболее заметное влия­ние на общественно-политическую и духовную жизнь казахского народа.

Introduction. In the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, the educational movement of Jadidism spread across the Kazakh steppes. The Jadids were modernists, progressives, it was a movement for the renewal and reformation of society. In the Kazakh steppe, Jadidism emerged as a significant phenomenon that shaped national culture, ideology, and the popular enlightenment movement. Goals. The study primarily aims to analyze narratives on the development of Kazakh society in the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries containing attempts of Jadids to modernize the sociocultural, educational and political life of Kazakhstan. Materials and methods. The sources for this study include documents of the Chancellery of the Steppe Governor-General and Inspectors of Public Schools from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Additionally, published documentary materials and periodicals have been used as sources. In writing the article, the authors adhered to the principle of historicism. Results. Jadidism was a sociopolitical movement aimed at renewing Islamic culture and society, restructuring the Muslim school system, and implementing reforms that radically altered the content and structure of primary education. The incorporation into different territorial administrative units, on the one hand, slowed the involvement of Kazakhs into the orbit of Jadidist reforms; on the other hand, it opened opportunities for the development of independent actions by Kazakh Jadidist, whose active activities would primarily unfold in the territory of the Steppe Governorate-General. Conclusions. The reform in the field of public education undertaken by the Jadids in a European spirit at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had a most noticeable impact on the sociopolitical and spiritual life of the Kazakh people.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.