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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">kigiran</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Oriental Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oriental Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2619-0990</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-1008</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (KalmSC RAS)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22162/2075-7794-2016-28-6-117-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">kigiran-839</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФОЛЬКЛОРИСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOLKLORE STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины множества голов у мангаса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Origin of Multiple Heads of the Mangas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуланцэцэг</surname><given-names>Зуланцэцэг</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulantsetseg</surname><given-names>Zulantsetseg</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, Университет Внутренней Монголии (Хух-Хото, КНР)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Mongolian Folk literature, School of Mongol Studies, Inner Mongolia University (Hohhot, People’s Republic of China)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">296613839@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Внутренней Монголии (Хух-Хото, КНР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Inner Mongolia University (Hohhot, People’s Republic of China)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зуланцэцэг З., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуланцэцэг З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zulantsetseg Z.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/839">https://kigiran.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/839</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье на основе монгольского фольклора рассматривается образ мангаса. Данный образ всегда привлекал внимание ученых, став одним из наиболее изученных. Но многие исследователи в своих научных изысканиях не обращались к образу мангаса с одной головой. Также ученые не проследили связи между множеством голов и одной головой у мангаса. Исходя из этого, автор попытался проследить этапы эволюции образа от раннего до современного и ответить на вопросы о предпосылках для подобных изменений образа мангаса в монгольском фольклоре.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Mangas (Mong. ‘demonic creature’) has unique characteristics and appearances, so its image has long attracted the attention of numerous scholars. As a result, the question of origins of the Mangas’s multiple heads has been a point of active disputes. So, the multiple heads make the one of the most important problems of Mongolian folklore that scholars are inclined to study. Scholars expolre the origins of the multiple heads by means of cultural anthropology and religious studies. However, the Mangas may have both one head and multiple ones. The image of the one-headed Mangas actually prevails in the Mongolian oral tradition. In most compositions of the Barag epic, the Mangas are one-headed. In the Jangar epic, the Mangas may have more than one head and often denote foreign emperors and rulers. In the Oyirad tradition of China, ‘Mangas’ stands for a man — strong, stout-herted, and courageous. More than anywhere else, the Oyirad people have largely maintained their traditional culture, including the Jangar epic. So, the image of Mangas can be compared to human images. And how does traditionally a Mangas look like? On the one hand, we can find the answer from historical literature, such as The Secret History of the Mongols. In it, the Mangas is discribed like a human being. On the other hand, the image of Mangas is very close to that of Cyclops widespread enough in Europe, Central and East Asia, Northeast Asia, e. g., in Turkic cultrue. Thus, the Mangas might be connected with Cyclops in terms of origins. In Mongolian oral literature, Mangas also have multiple heads, and this image can be compared to demonic beings from Indian and Tibetan folk literatures, with their negative role in the religious system of Buddhism. So, the multiple-headed image also prevails widely in Indian and Tibetan cultures. There are also variants of the image of Mangas. But so far scholars have focused only on the multiple heads of the mythological character and ignored the one-headed image. The problem of relationship between the multiple-headed demonic creature and the one-headed one is still understudied. This paper discusses the physical characteristics attributed to the Mangas before, and traces the transformation of its appearances in later Mongolian folk literature. Finally, the article attempts to discribe the reasons behind the changes in the image of the Mangas.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>письменные источники</kwd><kwd>буддизм</kwd><kwd>шаманизм</kwd><kwd>монгольский фольклор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>written sources</kwd><kwd>Buddhism</kwd><kwd>shamanism</kwd><kwd>Mongolian folk literature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буянбат Х. Мангасын судлал // Өвөр монголын багшийн их сургуулийн эрдэм шинжилгээний сэтгүүл. 1987. № 4. 1988. № 2. Х. 56–67; 31–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buyanbat Kh. Mangasyn sudlal [Studying the mangas (folklore demonic creatures)]. 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