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Bashkir Family Names Derived from Social Titles and Ranks: Historical and Etymological Analysis

https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-54-2-375-383

Abstract

Introduction. Exploration of family anthroponyms associated with names of social titles
and ranks on the basis of factual materials is of special significance, especially when it comes to
examine the former in several essential perspectives. Goals. The study primarily aims at considering
family names derived from social titles and ranks in historical /etymological and lexical/semantic
perspectives. Restoration of some ancient names that have got completely excluded from the historical
anthroponymic system is possible through analysis of surnames recorded in historical documents. The
article seeks to determine the actual methods of deriving surnames from social titles and ranks, as
well as to establish correspondences between historical facts and transformed (at certain stages of
social life) concepts that had been once used to denote such titles and ranks further manifested in
anthroponyms. Materials and Methods. The work analyzes surnames derived from titles and ranks
registered in the scientific two-volume edition ‘Documents and Materials on Bashkir History, 1836–
1842: Formulary Lists of Civil Servants Attached to the Bashkir-Mishar Tatar Host, 1836–1842’. The
study employs a number of linguistic methods, such as the descriptive, etymological, comparative,
and statistical ones. Results. Thus, the historical and etymological analysis of surnames derived from
the onyms хан ~ ҡан ‘khan ~ qan’, бәк ~ бик ‘beg ~ b(e)ik’, бей ‘bey’, батыр ‘ba(gha)tur’, алп,
алып ‘alp’, шаҡман ‘shaqman’ makes it possible conclude as to the significance of titles and ranks
in the formation of Bashkir anthroponymy. For example, the insight into the onym хан ~ ҡан serving
an anthroponymic basis reveals that the institution of khanate had existed in Bashkir society since
ancient times, long before the Golden Horde, which resulted in that ҡан (хан) — stemmed family
onyms (as well as related phonetic versions of the lexeme) were widespread enough. The paper also
shows that surnames containing the title lexeme бик were much more common than those derived
from the form бек. Another finding is that quite a share of discovered Bashkir surnames were derived
from ranks bestowed to war heroes (батыр, алп, шаҡман, алдар). 

About the Author

Rezida Suleimanova
Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS
Russian Federation

Cand. Sc. (Philology), Senior Research Associate 



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Review

For citations:


Suleimanova R. Bashkir Family Names Derived from Social Titles and Ranks: Historical and Etymological Analysis. Oriental Studies. 2021;14(2):375-383. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-54-2-375-383

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ISSN 2619-0990 (Print)
ISSN 2619-1008 (Online)