Tsoros, Choros, Baɣatud: Discussing Origins of the Tsoros (With Evidence from C2-F1067 Y-STR Haplotypes of Kalmyks). Part 1: The Dorbet

Introduction. The work provides further insights — with the aid of contemporary scientific tools — into origins of different Oirat (Kalmyk) patrilineages historically associated with most influential clans and tribes. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of the Y-chromosomal subclade С2-F1067 among Kalmyks and conclude as to ethnohistorical roots of the latter among Oirats (and related groups), in particular with due regard of its traced connection to the nobility clan Tsoros (Choros). Part 1 shall examine identified samples of the ‘Tsoros’ subclade С2-F1067 (DYS385=11-11) among Kalmyk Dorbets with reference to the newly introduced ethnographic data. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes a total of 62 STR-haplotypes of the specified subclade identified with the aid of Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit, Yfiler® PCR Amplification Kit, and COrDIS Ystr. Results. The study reveals bearers of the subclade are largely representatives of Dorbet clans with the onymic element ‘Tsoros’, as well as ones attesting to their aristocratic roots, such as ‘säädüd’ (Kalm. сәәдүд ‘best, noble ones’), ‘zääsngüd’ (зəəсң ʻnoblemanʼ), ‘noinakhn’ (нойн ʻprinceʼ). Certain variants of Y-STR-haplotypes inherent specifically to the Tugtun and the Buurul Dorbets have been outlined, which attests to these are older clan associations as compared to the Shabinar and the Abganar. The Zün prove to be an association somewhat free from the Tsoros within the Dorbet, and may claim to have been the original Dorbet (Dörbän) among initial medieval Oirat groups. We also find evidence confirming messages about patrilineal kinship between the nobility of the Abganar, Tugtun, and Buurul. Finally, with due account of preceding research endeavors in this field the paper resumes the ‘Mongol’ Y-chromosomal subclade C2-F1067 with DYS385=11-11 be associated with the Oirat clan Tsoros (Choros).

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