Tsoros, Choros, Baɣatud: Discussing Origins of the Tsoros (With Evidence from C2-F1067 Y-STR Haplotypes of Kalmyks). Part 2: The Torghut, Dzungar, Buzav

Introduction. The paper continues the study of origins of the Tsoros (Choros) — a prominent aristocratic clan of the Oirat. Goals. The work shall examine a number of identified Y-STR haplotypes of С2-F1067 among Kalmyks and propose some conclusions about the subclade’s ethnohistorical roots among the Oirat (and related groups) for its ‘Tsoros’ (DYS385=11-11) and ‘non-Tsoros’ patterns (DYS385=11-18 and others) across the tested Torghut, Dzungar and Buzav samples — with due regard of related historical, ethnographic and linguistic data. Materials. The article analyzes a total of 19 Y-STR haplotypes of the ‘Tsoros’ pattern in the mentioned sub-ethnic groups and 42 ‘non-Tsoros’ ones identified with the aid of Yfiler® Plus PCR Amplification Kit, Yfiler® PCR Amplification Kit, and COrDIS Ystr. Results. Our investigations essentially attest to somewhat authentic Dzungar backgrounds of Zyungarsky aimag of Iki-Tsokhurovsky Ulus. ‘Tsoros’ samples of Kalmyk Buzavs reveal substantial ties with Buurul Dorbets. The few identified ‘Tsoros’ Y-STR haplotypes among Torghuts — with prevailing ‘non-Tsoros’ С2-F1067 ones — results in that the group at large rather clusters with Barghuts. In general, the ‘non-Tsoros’ (‘Barghut-Buryat’) pattern of С2-F1067 has been primarily discovered among Tsaatan and Erketen Torghuts. Meanwhile, the bulk of available historical, ethnographic and linguistic data makes it possible to establish ties between the Tsaatan (including some part of the Erketen) — and the Barghut-Buryat community. All the aforementioned is confirmed and actualized by the obtained Y-STR haplotypes and present-day phylogenetic structure of С2-F1067: the ‘Tsoros’ pattern proves a branch of C2-F10378 and forms a parallel subdivision to the Barghut-Buryat C2-Z4328.

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