Indirect Moods in the Kalmyk Language: Inflectional Models (Based on the National Corpus of the Kalmyk language)

Abstract

The article describes the grammar of orders of inflectional affixes of finite verb forms in the indirect moods of the Kalmyk language. The relevance of the research is determined by the need of classification and systematic descriptive analysis of the combinatorial properties of morphemic units (in this case - stems and affixes, affixes and affixes) for the synthesis of lexical units (in the broadest sense of the word-forms) of the Kalmyk language. The analysis of the material of the National Corpus of the Kalmyk language revealed more than 60 models of inflectional affixes, joining the verbal stem for the formation of forms of indirect moods in the Kalmyk language. The affixes of indirect moods can be formed from primary and secondary verb stem, while in the investigated material we have not found any examples representing the formation of the optative from the secondary stem of the verb. Likewise the Corpus has not revealed any of the examples with affixes of indirect moods where there would be a combination of two voice affixes. The forms with the affixes of voice, of aspect or verbal plurality are rarely found: mainly there are examples containing only one of the affixes. The apprehensive can attach affixes of predicate, however, there are some examples with the forms of the jussive 2 and precative, which are adjoined by the personally-predicative particle. As for the negative particles, the finite forms of indirect moods practically do not attach to them (mostly the semantics of negation is expressed by separate negative words), but analyzing the material we can say that only the form of apprehensive attaches to itself the contracted particle -go. Particles are also adjacent to the forms of indirect moods: requesting, confirmative, intensifying and emphasizing - which provide the semantics of the indirect moods with different connotations.