Visual Arts in the Buddhist Temple Space

Abstract

The object of study in this research is the traditional fine art of the Kalmyks. The article is devoted to the analysis of the specific features of the local fine art in the Buddhist temple in Kalmykia. The pictures, sculptures, applications and embroideries wonderfully combine with the architecture of the Buddhist temple. Being perceived in the synthesis with the architecture, they serve as the decorative background, but at the same time they are the direct objects of veneration as well. The icons and the altar sculpture composition represent the centre of the temple or its residential space as well as the concentration of the Kalmyk’s esthetic attitude which has developed in the long process of ethno-genesis. The space in the temple expresses the unity of micro-and macro-cosmos (that of the man and the universe) which is portrayed in paintings and sculptures, and presents the historical genesis of art which appeals to believers from its walls and other constructions. The spiritual essence of Buddhism, its teachings received their material expression in the objects of worship, namely in the iconography and sculptures. Moreover, the set of the spatial art - architecture, sculpture and painting - form the ensemble of the ethnic identity. The Kalmyk Buddhist temple is a focal point not only of religious art, but also of arts and crafts related to processing of traditional materials. Craftsmen working with wood, metal and fabric created the decoration of the Buddhist temple which organically combines with the cult paintings and sculptures and reveals synthesis of the arts in the temple area preserving the artistic heritage of the Kalmyk people. The research justifies the significance of the analysis of the Buddhist temple art within the system of the traditional culture of the Kalmyks.