Mongolia’s Administrative Division during the Formation of Agricultural Associations (1935–1959): the Impact of Land and Pasture Issues
https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2019-42-2-183-194
Abstract
The goal of the article is to consider the impact of land and pasture issues on peculiarities of formation of the agricultural cooperatives in 1935–1959 concerning the administrative-territorial division. Results. The co-existence of private and state cooperative property resulting from the emergence and development of agricultural cooperatives that had a certain impact on land-pasture relations in the MPR gave rise to a number of essential issues and difficulties. State and cooperative organizations, such as agricultural cooperatives, state enterprises, machine-tractor stations, farmer cooperatives, finally required detailed regulations for land-pasture relations to be accompanied by a reorganization of the territorial-administrative division of the MPR. That proved the biggest reorganization in the history of Mongolia from 1950 to 1960, and the country was administratively divided into 1568 bags, 330 soums and 21 aimags. The wealth creation, land exploitation and pasture policy for the 255 agricultural cooperatives, 17 joint cooperative enterprises, 9 joint cooperatives and 90 state enterprises that had existed until 1990 played the key role in the situation. Conclusion. Land-pasture relations as the basis for cattle breeding were drastically changed in the MPR during the formation of agricultural cooperatives and in the post-liquidation period. However, the land as common amenities was within the jurisdiction of the state, which governed land matters and the system of agricultural coopreatives.
About the Author
Radnaased Turdalai
Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Institute of International Relations (1, Prime Minister A. Amar Str., Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia)
Mongolia
Research Associate
Mongolia
Research Associate
References
1. Sources
2. 20th century statistical books — Series]. Ulaanbaatar: National Statistics Department, 2006. 320 p. (In Mong.)
3. 50 years of livestock breeding economy in the MPR]. Collected statistical data. Vol. I. Ulaanbaatar: State Publ. House, 1974. 310 p. (In Mong.)
4. [Development of the MPR’s national economy]. Collected statistical data. Ulaanbaatar, 1960. 198 p. (In Mong.)
5. [Development of the national economy and culture in the MPR: 1921 to 1958]. Collected statistical data. Ulaanbaatar, 1960. 196 p. (In Mong.)
6. [National economy of the MPR in 60 years: 1921 to 1981]. Collected statistical data. Ulaanbaatar: State Publ. House, 1981. 254 p. (In Mong.)
7. [National economy of the MPR in 70 years: 1921 to 1991]. Ulaanbaatar: State Publ. House, 1991. 254 p. (In Mong.)
8. [Statistical yearbook: 2006]. Ulaanbaatar: National Statistics Department, 2006. 325 р. (In Mong. and Eng.)
9. [Social structure in the MPR: a historical and sociological study]. L. Bat-Ochir (auth.). Ulaanbaatar, 1984, 316 p. (In Mong.)
10. Mongolian National Central Archives. Fund 1. Series 4. File 145. Pp. 55–58. (In Mong.)
11. Jiγbaral Na. [Land issues in Mongolia]. A manuscript. Ulaanbaatar, 1953. 97 p. (In Mong.)
12. References
13. Avirmed S. [Changes in the MPR’s social class structure revisited]. J. Amindavaa (ed.). Ulaanbaatar: Science Publ., 1960. 26 p. (In Mong.)
14. Bazargur D. [Pasture livestock breeding geography]. Ulaanbaatar: Solongo Press, 1998. 245 p. (In Mong.)
15. Barkmann, Udo. [Mongolian livestock breeding economy in the transition period: 1990 to 2000]. School for Social Studies, National University of Mongolia. Tüükh erdem shinzhilgeyeniy bichig. 2006. No. 33. Pp. 153–165. (In Mong.)
16. Enkhtuvshin B. [Globalization: Mongolia and the Mongols]. ShUA-iyn medee (Ulaanbaatar). 2010. No. 3. Pp. 5–46. (In Mong.)
17. Fernandez-Gimenez M. Land Use and Land Tenure in Mongolia: A Brief History and Current Issues. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-39. 2006. Pp. 30–36. An Internet resource: http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p039/rmrs_p039_030_036.pdf> (accessed: 30 November 2018). (In Eng.)
18. Janzen Jörg. Stand und Perspektiven der mobilen Tierhaltung in der Mongolei aus der Sicht eines deutschen Forschers (Nomadic livestock breeding in Mongolia: the present situation and perspectives. An opinion by a German researcher). Mongol-Germany khariltsaa: Ӧngӧrsӧn üe, Edügee, Khetiyn tӧlӧv [Mongolian-German relations: past, present and future]. Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 2004. Pp. 130–136. (In Germ.)
19. Jagvaral N. [Present-day nomads and nomadic economy in the MPR]. A ScD thesis. Ulaanbaatar, 1958. 356 p. (In Russ. and Mong.)
20. Ivanov Yu. G., Kochurov B. I. Essence of the land exploitation theory revisited. Regional Environmental Issues. 2004. No. 3. Pp. 84–88. (In Russ.)
21. Nadirov Sh. G. [Yu. Tsedenbal: the year 1984]. Moscow: BiG-N, Vost. Lit., 1995. 188 p. (In Russ.)
22. Nadirov Sh. G. Yu. [Tsedenbal — 1984]. B. Baasansuren, Yu. Kruchkin (transl.). Ulaanbaatar: Interpress, 2016, 212 р. (In Mong.)
23. Shagdarsuren Ts. [A brief history of the Mongols (and their culture)]. Bibliotheca Mongolica. Vol. II. Ulaanbaatar: Centre for Mongol Studies (National University of Mongolia), 2003. 304 p. (In Mong.)
24. Tsedenbal Yu. [Papers, articles and speeches]. Vol. II. Ulaanbaatar, 1967. 284 p. (In Mong.)
25.
Review
For citations:
Turdalai R. Mongolia’s Administrative Division during the Formation of Agricultural Associations (1935–1959): the Impact of Land and Pasture Issues. Oriental Studies. 2019;12(2):183-194. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2019-42-2-183-194
Views:
470
Email this article 