Preview

Oriental Studies

Advanced search

Military Commissariat of Kalmykia and its Role in the Development of National Military Units and Formations of the Red Army

https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2019-46-6-1062-1081

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the history of the regional military command and control body in Kalmykia from the beginning of its first creation in September 1918 until its liquidation in December 1943, as well as its role in the formation of Kalmyk national military units of the Red Army. Unfortunately, the history of military registration and enlistment offices both in the country as a whole and in Kalmykia in particular, belong to topics that are poorly studied in Russian and foreign historiography. The author, relying on a wide range of documentary materials found in the Russian State Military Archive, the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia, tried to fill this gap. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the Kalmyk military enlistment office, formed in September 1918 by the decision of the 2nd Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of Labor Kalmyk People, was created, first of all, to form the Kalmyk national units of the Red Army: first, the Model Revolutionary Kalmyk Cavalry Regiment, then the Kalmyk cavalry brigade, and finally the Kalmyk cavalry division. Attempts by the Astrakhan provincial authorities to downgrade the status of the Central Kalmyk military registration and enlistment office to the district level had a negative impact on the formation of Kalmyk national units. During the interwar period, the Kalmyk military enlistment office repeatedly took the initiative to create the Kalmyk cavalry regiment, but achieved only partial success: the formation of the Kalmyk squadron as part of the 30th cavalry regiment of the 5th Blinovskaya cavalry division, and then as part of the 87th reserve cavalry regiment. During the Great Patriotic War, the Kalmyk military registration and enlistment office conducted active military mobilization work, recruiting almost every fifth resident of Kalmykia in 2.5 years. However, when forming the national units and formations (the 189th Kalmyk cavalry regiment, the 110th and 111th Kalmyk cavalry divisions), the Kalmyk military enlistment office and its ulus military enlistment offices worked with even greater intensity and carefully selected personnel. A number of members of the military enlistment offices specially entered these national units to serve in their ranks. Thus, the author comes to the conclusion that the Kalmyk military enlistment office played an important role in the formation of Kalmyk national units and formations, both during the Civil War and Great Patriotic War and in the interwar period.

About the Author

Utash B. Ochirov
Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS
Russian Federation

Dr. Sc. (Hist.), Associate Professor, Chief Research Associate



References

1. К истории … 1960 ― К истории образования Автономной области калмыцкого народа. Сб. док-тов и мат-лов. Элиста: Калмиздат, 1960. 98 с.

2. Калмыкия … 2005 ― Калмыкия в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945 гг.: документы и материалы / сост.: М. Л. Кичиков, Л. П. Коженбаева, А. И. Наберухин и др. Изд. 3-е. Элиста: Калмыцкое кн. изд-во, 2005. 784 с.

3. Маслов 1962 ― Маслов А. Г. Страницы былого. Элиста: Калмиздат, 1962. 156 c.

4. НА КалмНЦ РАН ― Научный архив Калмыцкого научного центра РАН.

5. НА РК ― Национальный архив Республики Калмыкия.

6. РГВА ― Российский государственный военный архив.

7. ЦАМО ― Центральный архив Министерства обороны Российской Федерации.

8. Безугольный 2016 ― Безугольный А. Ю. «Источник дополнительной мощи Красной армии…». Национальное военное строительство и национальные формирования в РККА. 1921–1945. М.: РОССПЭН, 2016. 271 с.

9. Безугольный, Ковалевский, Ковалев 2012 ― Безугольный А. Ю., Ковалевский Н. Ф., Ковалев В. Е. История военно-окружной системы в России, 1862–1918. М.: Центрполиграф, 2012. 462 с.

10. Бембеев 1991 ― Бембеев В. Ш. Человек из легенды. М.; Элиста: Контекст, 1991. 187 с.

11. Бимбаев 1983 ― Бимбаев М. Т. Судьба моя воен­ная. Элиста: Калмыцкое кн. изд-во, 1983. 156 с.

12. Волков 2014 ― Волков Д. А. Деятельность военных комиссариатов в первые месяцы гражданской войны // Вестник Костромского государственного университета им. Н. А. Некрасова. 2014. Т. 20. № 2. С. 45–47.

13. Глухов 1927 ― Глухов И. К. Очерки по истории революционного движения в Калмыкии. Астрахань: Калмгосиздат, 1927. 113 с.

14. Илишкин, Оглаев 1988 ― Илишкин Н. У., Оглаев Ю. О. Родина помнит. Элиста: Калмиздат, 1988. 220 с.

15. Калугина 2019 ― Калугина Е. Н. Военные комиссариаты Южного Урала в годы Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.): автореферат дис. ... канд. ист. наук. Оренбург, 2019. 30 с.

16. Кулиев, Кочкаев 2017 ― Кулиев Ф. М., Кочкаев А. В. Процесс формирования местных органов военного управления в ходе военных преобразований 60-70-х гг. XIX в. // Социально-гуманитарные знания. 2017. № 12. С. 247–252.

17. Максимов 2010 ― Максимов К. Н. Великая Отечественная война: Калмыкия и калмыки. М.: Наука, 2010. 406 с.

18. Мулукаев 1965 ― Мулукаев Р. С. Советская милиция и ИТУ: материалы к курсу лекций по истории государства и права СССР. М.: ВШ МООП РСФСР, 1965. 45 с.

19. Наберухин 1987 ― Наберухин А. И. Калмыкия в трех революциях. Элиста: Калмыцкое кн. изд-во, 1987. 159 с.

20. Наберухин 1968 ― Наберухин А. И. Мобилизация трудящихся Калмыкии на защиту Советской власти и борьбу с контрреволюцией (1918 г.) // Ученые записки КНИИЯЛИ. Серия историческая. Вып. 6. Элиста: Калмыцкое кн. изд-во, 1968. С.67–93.

21. Очиров 2007 ― Очиров У. Б. Калмыкия в период революции и Гражданской войны (1917–1920 гг.): дисс. … д-ра ист. наук. М., 2007. 450 с.

22. Очиров 2017 ― Очиров У. Б. Формирование 110-й и 111-й Калмыцких кавалерийских дивизий в 1941–1942 годах: трудности и итоги // Новый исторический вестник. 2017. № 4 (54). С. 55–70.

23. Очиров 2010 ― Очиров У. Б. Вклад калмыцкого народа в Победу в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945 гг. // Вклад репрессированных народов СССР в Победу в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945 гг. Элиста: ЗАОр «НПП «Джангар», 2010. С. 173–264.

24. Хомутников 1964 ― Хомутников В. А. Военные калмыцкие части в боях за Советы. Изд. 2-е. Элиста: Калмиздат, 1964. 63 с.

25. [Autonomous Oblast of the Kalmyk People: History of Formation Revisited]. Coll. documents and materials. Elista: Kalmizdat, 1960. 98 p. (In Russ.)

26. [Kalmykia in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945]. Documents and materials. M. L. Kichikov et al. (comps.). 3rd ed. Elista: Kalmyk Book Publ., 2005. 784 p. (In Russ.)

27. Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS, Scientific Archive.

28. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Central Archives.

29. National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia.

30. Russian State Military Archive.

31. Maslov A. G. [Pages of the Past]. Elista: Kalmizdat, 1962. 156 p. (In Russ.)

32. Bembeev V. Sh. [Man from Legend]. Moscow; Elista: Kontekst, 1991. 187 p. (In Russ.)

33. Bezugolny A. Yu. [‘Additional Source of the Red Army’s Power…’: Ethnic-Oriented Military Force Development and Ethnic Military Units in the Red Army, 1921–1945]. Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2016. 271 p. (In Russ.)

34. Bezugolny A. Yu., Kovalevsky N. F., Kovalev V. E. [History of Russia’s Military District System: 1862–1918]. Moscow: Tsentrpoligraf, 2012. 462 p. (In Russ.)

35. Bimbaev M. T. [My Military Destiny]. Elista: Kalmyk Book Publ., 1983. 156 p. (In Russ.)

36. Glukhov I. K. [Revolutionary Movement in Kalmykia: Historical Essays]. Astrakhan: Kalmgosizdat, 1927. 113 p. (In Russ.)

37. Ilishkin N. U., Oglaev Yu. O. [Motherland Remembers]. Elista: Kalmizdat, 1988. 220 p. (In Russ.)

38. Kalugina E. N. [Military Commissariats of the Southern Urals during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)]. Cand. Sc. (history) thesis abstract. Orenburg, 2019. 30 p. (In Russ.)

39. Khomutnikov V. A. [Kalmyk Military Units in Battles for the Soviets]. 2nded. Elista: Kalmizdat, 1964. 63 p. (In Russ.)

40. Kuliev F. M., Kochkaev A. V. The process of formation of local agencies of military administration during military reforms of the 60-70 years XIX century. Sotsialno-gumanitarnyeznaniya. 2017. No. 12. Pp. 247–252. (In Russ.)

41. Maksimov K. N. [The Great Patriotic War: Kalmykia and Kalmyks]. Moscow: Nauka, 2010. 406 p. (In Russ.)

42. Mulukaev R. S. [Soviet Militia and Corrective Labor Institutions]. Learning materials on the history of Soviet state and law. Moscow: RSFSR Ministry for Public Order Defense, 1965. 45 p. (In Russ.)

43. Naberukhin A. I. [Kalmykia in the Three Revolutions]. Elista: Kalmyk Book Publ., 1987. 159 p. (In Russ.)

44. Naberukhin A. I. Defending the Soviets and struggling against counterrevolution: mobilization of Kalmykia’s working people (1918). In [Kalmyk Research Institute of Language, Literature and History: Scholarly Notes]. Ser.‘History’. Vol. 6. Elista: Kalmyk Book Publ., 1968. Pp.67–93. (In Russ.)

45. Ochirov U. B. [Kalmykia during the Revolution and Russian Civil War (1917–1920)]. Dr. Sc. thesis. Moscow, 2007. 450 p. (In Russ.)

46. Ochirov U. B. Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: contribution of the Kalmyk people to the Victory. In: [Impacts of Soviet Repressed Peoples to the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945]. Elista: Dzhangar, 2010. Pp. 173–264. (In Russ.)

47. Ochirov U. B. The formation of the 110th and 111th Kalmyk Cavalry Divisions in 1941–1942: difficulties and results.The New Historical Bulletin. 2017. No. 4 (54). Pp. 55–70. (In Russ.)

48. Volkov D. A. Activities of military commissariats in the first months of the Russian Civil War.Vestnik of Kostroma State University. 2014. Vol. 20. No. 2. Pp. 45–47. (In Russ.)


Review

For citations:


Ochirov U. Military Commissariat of Kalmykia and its Role in the Development of National Military Units and Formations of the Red Army. Oriental Studies. 2019;12(6):1062-1081. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2019-46-6-1062-1081

Views: 831


ISSN 2619-0990 (Print)
ISSN 2619-1008 (Online)