Toponyms of the Manchu Literary Work - The Ode to Mukden Written by the Emperor
https://doi.org/10.22162/2075-7794-2016-27-5-183-192
Abstract
The article studies Manchu toponymy. The main emphasis is laid on the study of the toponyms mentioned in the 1743 Manchu literary work “Han-i araha Mukden-i fuǯurun bithe”, or The Ode to Mukden Written by the Emperor. The composition is one of the few authentic Manchu literary monuments authored by the Qianlong Emperor, and it is the most famous authorial text in Manchu being Qianlong’s first work to have been translated in Europe. The research discovered that Manchu toponymy has never been subject to any special studies. Studies of regional and substrate toponyms seem to be important and relevant enough since no special research in the field of Manchu onomastics has been conducted yet. The territory of Manchuria traditionally embracing Northeast China as well as present-day Russian-owned Primorye and Priamurye (‘Outer Manchuria’) has always been an area of special and diverse scientific interests which is evidently due to the fact it has long been inhabited by ancestors of Tungusic peoples. Nowadays, almost the whole of Northeast China’s toponymy is of Chinese origin which resulted from the systematic renaming, assimilation processes and adaptations to the Chinese language. As for Russia’s aboriginal toponyms, they can well be considered authentic ones though - since the vast territory was primarily inhabited by kin peoples of the Manchus - in most cases the place names are of Tungusic rather than of Manchu origin as such. Toponymy is a cross-disciplinary area which comprises elements of geography, history and linguistics, and, thus, reflects the historic, natural and linguistic peculiarities of an ethnos. The paper considers the names of cities, villages, mountains, rivers and burial mounds. Studies of the toponyms make it possible to reveal the most common patterns for the formation of the Manchu toponymic system. Research of Manchu toponymy is of great scientific and practical interest for further studies of historical, ethnographic and linguistic problems of the Far East and the relations with other nations of the region since this area of onomastics is relevant enough to modern science.
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For citations:
Lidzhiev A.B. Toponyms of the Manchu Literary Work - The Ode to Mukden Written by the Emperor. Oriental Studies. 2016;9(5):183-192. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2075-7794-2016-27-5-183-192
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