The Interpretation of the Essence of Literature in the Critics of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics

Abstract

The article deals with the interpretation of the essence of literature by prominent European and American scientists, who left a rich literary heritage, focusing their research on the concepts of phenomenology and hermeneutics. Phenomenological critique called for a completely immanent, independent reading of the text, the meaning of which, as they believe, is the very embodiment of the author’s mind. Literature is not a lifeless scheme designs and themes, it is a reality, organized and experienced by the subject. Phenomenological critique is interested in the way the author feels the time and space, relations between him and the world, his perception of the material world. Hermeneutics, on the one hand, has borrowed the idea of phenomenology as a whole, but, on the other hand, promotes to understanding the essence of literature as reading, considered virtually technological ideas about the real possibilities of the computer age of the reader. Hermeneutics argues specifics of literary texts that only this true artistic level makes reading really meaningful. At the same time the idea of phenomenology and hermeneutics are similar in what they emphasized the priority of the given act of creativity and event, in which the writer must intuitively express the hidden sequence of spiritual traditions, history. Evaluation of methods of phenomenology and hermeneutics helps penetrate deeper into the specifics of verbal art.