The Officialdom of Tuva at the End of the 18th - 20th Centuries: Problems of Formation and Functioning of the Apparatus
https://doi.org/10.22162/2075-7794-2016-23-1-19-27
Abstract
The article aims to study the characteristics of the formation and evolution of the Tannu-Tuvan bureaucracy, in the era of the domination of the Qing Empire (1757-1912). Based on archival sources, the author researched and systematised the hierarchy of ranks and degrees of difference in Tuvan traditional society. After the establishment of the domination of the Manchu Qing dynasty on the territory of the Tuvan tribes administrative and territorial reforms were held, new military ranks were introduced, and titles of nobility, insignia began gradually displace the old titles and ranks. The main problem in functioning of the administrative apparatus established in Tuva became the combining and duplication of some functions, which greatly complicated the work of the officials. Having introduced a new administrative division of the Tuva tribes on the territorial principle, the Manchu Qing dynasty replaced the former ranks, titles and positions with the new ones, without achieving fundamental changes in management. As a result, new ranks and titles began to overlap with the previous titles and completely failed to displace them. The main principle of the innovation of the Manchu-Chinese administration became the division of officers of all ranks into military and civilian, with further clarification of their functional duties, but in Tuva local traditions and customs were also taken into account. The main merit of the current administrative staff machinery was its role in the creation of a sovereign state. During the hard period of choosing the historical development ways from 1912 to 1921, outstanding representatives of the officialdom of the traditional Tuvan society became the key figures who maintained the order and tried to find their own way for further development. The article analyzes the hierarchy of ranks and degrees of difference in Tuvan society during the domination of the Manchu Qing dynasty Dynasty. The study of archival documents and ethnographic sources, found that Tannu Tuva formed patrimonial officialdom, including not only the former nobility (the heads of clans and tribes), but also those who distinguished meritorious service to the Manchurian-Mongolian authorities.
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Review
For citations:
Khovalyg S.S. The Officialdom of Tuva at the End of the 18th - 20th Centuries: Problems of Formation and Functioning of the Apparatus. Oriental Studies. 2016;9(1):19-27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22162/2075-7794-2016-23-1-19-27
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