Анализ мечей, найденных в савромато-сарматских курганах Западного Казахстана

Введение. В истории и археологии Евразии вопросы  происхождения,  территории расселения, политической истории савромато-сарматских племен недостаточно хорошо  изучены. В памятниках этих народов письменных источников не обнаружено, и сведения о савромато-сарматских племенах, наряду с археологическими данными, мы находим в работах античных писателей. Целью исследования является  анализ исторических источников и археологических данных, исследование истории происхождения савромато-сарматских племен, обитавших в железном веке в Южно-Уральском регионе, и мечей из памятников  савромато-сарматов из Западного Казахстана. Материалы. Мечи и кинжалы, составляющие основную часть находок из погребений, дают ценные сведения для определения хронологии могильников или погребений, определения зон обитания кочевых племен и региональных особенностей кочевых племен.  А. И. Мелюковой, К. Ф. Смирновым, А. М. Хазановым, Е. В. Черненко, А.В. Симоненко, П. И. Шульга, В. А. Кочеевым и другими учеными была разработана хронологическая типология мечей и кинжалов из памятников кочевых племен Северного Причерноморья, Северного Кавказа и других регионов. Оружие же савромато-сарматских племен из Западного Казахстана до настоящего времени не изучено, не разработана их хронологическая типология. Поэтому, основываясь на опыте вышеупомянутых исследователей, систематизировав имеющиеся сведения и полученные в ходе исследований новые данные, авторами разработана типологическая класификация и хронология мечей из могильников племен савромато-сарматов, населявших территорию Западного Казахстана. Результаты. Отмечено, что савромато-сарматы — это потомки племен, живших в эпоху бронзы — создателей андроновской и срубной культур, они имели близкое родство с сакскими племенами. Установлено, что на основе савроматов  сформировались сарматские племена, т. е. они имеют  общие корни.  Кроме того, на основе археологических данных было установлено, что эти племена обитали на территории Западного Казахстана, проведена типологическая класификация найденных в кургане мечей региона, проведен научный анализ. Проведен статистический анализ мечей и кинжалов из савромато-сарматских курганов Западного Казахстана, сделаны научные выводы о преобладающем типе оружия, технологии его изготовления. В статье выделены специфические особенности типов мечей, ареал распространения и проведен сравнительный анализ.

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