Миграция, обусловленная изменением климата, в дельте реки Меконг во Вьетнаме — вызовы для устойчивого развития региона

Введение. Дельта Меконга во Вьетнаме является ключевым сельскохозяйственным регионом, жизненно важным для национальной продовольственной безопасности. В последние годы регион столкнулся со значительной миграцией населения, вызванной экономическими трудностями и последствиями изменения климата, такими как засухи, засоление почв и экстремальные погодные явления. Настоящее исследование направлено на изучение взаимосвязи между изменением климата и миграцией в дельте Меконга, а также ее влияния на устойчивое развитие региона. Методы. Используя политико-экологический подход, исследование анализирует количественные и качественные данные из Переписи населения и жилищ 2019 г. и Годового отчета о состоянии экономики дельты Меконга 2022 г. Оценены миграционные тенденции, демографические изменения и показатели регионального развития для понимания влияния экологических стрессоров на перемещение населения. Результаты. Результаты показывают, что изменение климата является главным фактором миграции, влияя на демографическую структуру, трудовые ресурсы и долгосрочные возможности развития региона. Более 1,3 млн человек покинули дельту Меконга за последнее десятилетие, что создает вызовы для демографической стабильности и социально-экономической устойчивости. Выводы. Рекомендуется укрепление политики устойчивого развития с учетом адаптации к изменению климата и повышение качества и потенциала местных человеческих ресурсов. Эти меры направлены на стабилизацию миграционных процессов, продвижение инклюзивного развития и обеспечение климатоустойчивого роста в дельте Меконга.

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